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Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience Reviews
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Schizophrenia and the Stroop Effect

Avishai Henik

Ben-Gurion University of the Negev

Ruth Salo

University of California, Davis

Conflict between irrelevant words and relevant colors in the Stroop task creates interference, long considered a measure of how well individuals focus attention. In the traditional card version of the Stroop task, schizophrenia patients exhibit increased interference, consistent with the distractibility they exhibit in everyday life. In contrast, on other versions of the Stroop task they show augmented facilitation (faster responding to congruent than to neutral trials). We suggest that schizophrenia patients possess adequate attentional resources to avoid interference when each letter string is presented individually but face difficulty when delays are imposed and multiple attentional demands appear. Although psychiatric symptomatology may contribute to different patterns of performance, there is no evidence that medication modulates this.

Key Words: schizophrenia • Stroop • selective attention

Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience Reviews, Vol. 3, No. 1, 42-59 (2004)
DOI: 10.1177/1534582304263252
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